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Background  Four sampling techniques commonly are used for antemortem identification of pathogens from cattle with bovine respiratory disease ( BRD ): the nasal swab ( NS ), guarded nasopharyngeal swab ( NPS ), bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL ), and transtracheal wash ( TTW ). Agreement among these methods has not been well characterized.    Objective  To evaluate agreement among  TTW  and  NS ,  NPS , or  BAL  for identification of viral and bacterial pathogens in dairy calves with  BRD .    Animals  One hundred dairy calves with naturally acquired BRD.    Methods  Calves were sampled by all 4 methods. Viral agents were identified by real‐time  RT ‐ PCR , bacteria were identified by aerobic culture, and  Mycoplasma bovis  ( M. bovis ) isolates were speciated by  PCR . Agreement among  TTW  and  NS ,  NPS , or  BAL  was evaluated by calculating the kappa statistic and percent positive agreement. McNemar's exact test was used to compare the proportions of positive results.    Results  Agreement among  TTW  and  NS ,  TTW  and  NPS , and  TTW  and  BAL , was very good for identification of  P. multocida, M. haemolytica, and M. bovis . For bovine respiratory syncytial virus ( BRSV ), agreement with  TTW  was moderate for  NS , good for  NPS , and very good for  BAL . For bovine coronavirus ( BCV ), agreement with  TTW  was moderate for  NS  and  NPS , and good for  BAL . McNemar's test was significant only for  BCV , indicating that for this pathogen the proportion of positive results from  NS  and  NPS  could not be considered comparable to  TTW .    Conclusions and Clinical Importance  This study provides guidance for veterinarians selecting diagnostic tests for antemortem identification of pathogens associated with  BRD .

Agreement Among 4 Sampling Methods to Identify Respiratory Pathogens in Dairy Calves with Acute Bovine Respiratory Disease