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Background  Inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) is a common cause of signs of gastrointestinal disease in cats. A subset of cats with  IBD  has neutrophilic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.    Hypothesis  Neutrophilic enteritis in cats is associated with mucosal invasion by microorganisms, and specifically  Campylobacter  spp.    Animals  Seven cats with neutrophilic  IBD  and 8 cats with lymphoplasmacytic  IBD .    Methods  Retrospective review of duodenal biopsy specimens that were collected endoscopically for histologic examination. Cases were identified and selected by searching the histopathology archive for cats with a diagnosis of neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic  IBD . Fluorescence  in situ  hybridization ( FISH ) targeting either all eubacteria or individual  Campylobacter spp . was performed on archived samples. Neutrophils were detected on the same samples using a  FISH  probe for neutrophil elastase.    Results   Campylobacter coli  was present in (6/7) cats with neutrophilic  IBD  and in (1/8) cats with lymphoplasmacytic  IBD  ( P  = .009). Cats with neutrophilic  IBD  had significantly higher number of  C. coli  (median bacteria 0.7/hpf) in the mucosa than cats with lymphoplasmacytic  IBD  (median bacteria 0/hpf) ( P  = 0.002). Colocalization of neutrophils and  C. coli  was demonstrated, with  C. coli  closer to the neutrophils than any other bacteria ( P  < .001).    Conclusions and clinical importance  Identification of  C. coli  associated with neutrophilic inflammation suggests that  C. coli  is able either to produce compounds which stimulate neutrophils or to induce feline intestinal cells to produce neutrophil chemoattractants. This association should allow a directed therapeutic approach in cats with neutrophilic  IBD , potentially improving outcome and reducing any zoonotic risk.

Campylobacter Species and Neutrophilic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Cats