Risk Factors for Survival in a University Hospital Population of Dogs with Epilepsy

Background Although a common neurological disorder in dogs, long‐term outcome of epilepsy is sparsely documented. Objectives To investigate risk factors for survival and duration of survival in a population of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy or epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause. Animals One hundred and two client owned dogs; 78 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and 24 dogs with epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause. Methods A retrospective hospital based study with follow‐up. Dogs diagnosed with epilepsy between 2002 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. Owners were interviewed by telephone using a structured questionnaire addressing epilepsy status, treatment, death/alive, and cause of death. Results Median life span was 7.6 years, 9.2 years, and 5.8 years for all dogs, and dogs with idiopathic epilepsy or dogs with epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause ( P  < .001), respectively. Survival time for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy was significantly ( P  = .0030) decreased for dogs euthanized because of epilepsy (median: 35 months) compared to dogs euthanized for other reasons (median: 67.5 months). Neutered male dogs with idiopathic epilepsy had a significant ( P  = .031) shorter survival (median: 38.5 months) after index seizure compared to intact male dogs (median: 71 months). Treatment with two antiepileptic drugs ( AED ′s) did not negatively influence survival ( P  = .056). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy can in many cases expect a life span close to what is reported for dogs in general. In dogs where mono‐therapy is not sufficient, the need for treatment with two AED ′s is not linked to a poor prognosis.