Open AccessCytokine Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Great Danes with Cervical Spondylomyelopathy
Author(s) -
MartinVaquero P.,
da Costa R.C.,
Moore S.A.,
Gross A.C.,
Eubank T.D.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of veterinary internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1939-1676
pISSN - 0891-6640
DOI - 10.1111/jvim.12388
Subject(s) - medicine , cerebrospinal fluid , cytokine , pathogenesis , neopterin , magnetic resonance imaging , gastroenterology , confidence interval , chemokine , inflammation , pathology , radiology
Background Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of human cervical spondylotic myelopathy and could also play a role in cervical spondylomyelopathy ( CSM ) in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives That cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) cytokine concentrations would differ between clinically normal (control) and CSM ‐affected Great Danes ( GD s), with affected GD s showing higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin ( IL )‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/chemokine ligand 2 ( MCP ‐1/ CCL 2). Animals Client‐owned GD s: 15 control, 15 CSM ‐affected. Methods Prospective study. Dogs underwent cervical vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging and collection of CSF from the cerebellomedullary cistern. Cytokine concentrations were measured using a commercially available canine multiplex immunoassay. Cytokine concentrations were compared between groups. Associations with the administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration and severity, severity of spinal cord ( SC ) compression, and SC signal changes were investigated in affected GD s. Results Affected GD s had significantly lower MCP ‐1/ CCL 2 (mean 138.03 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.85–161.20) than control GD s (212.89 pg/mL, 95% CI = 165.68–260.11, P = .028). In affected GD s, MCP‐1/CCL2 concentrations correlated inversely with the severity of SC compression. There were no associations with administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration, or disease severity. IL‐6 concentrations were significantly higher (2.20 pg/mL, 95% CI = 1.92–2.47, P < .001) in GD s with SC signal changes. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Lower MCP ‐1/ CCL 2 in CSM ‐affected GD s might compromise clearance of axonal and myelin debris, delay axon regeneration, and affect recovery. Higher IL ‐6 in CSM ‐affected GD s with SC signal changes suggests more severe inflammation in this group.