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Summary  The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) and the presence of human pegivirus 2 ( HP gV‐2) have not been examined in Cameroon, although  HCV  has been associated with  HP gV‐2 infections previously. Herein we aimed to characterize the burden and genetic diversity of  HCV  and the presence of  HP gV‐2 in Cameroon. Retrospective plasma specimens collected from N = 12 369 consenting subjects in South Cameroon from 2013 to 2016 were included in the study. The majority (97.1%) of participants were patients seeking health care. All specimens were screened for  HCV  using the Abbott RealTi m e  HCV  viral load assay and positive specimens with remaining volume were also screened for  HP gV‐2 antibodies on the Abbott  ARCHITECT  instrument, followed by molecular characterization. Overall,  HCV RNA  was detected in 305 (2.47%; 95%  CI : 2.21%‐2.75%) specimens. Notably, the prevalence of  HCV RNA  was 9.09% amongst participants over age 40 and 3.81% amongst males. Phylogenetic classification of N = 103  HCV  sequences identified genotypes 1 (19.4%), 2 (15.5%) and 4 (65.1%) within the study cohort. Amongst  HCV RNA ‐positive specimens, N = 28 (10.6%; 95%  CI : 7.44%‐14.90%) specimens also had detectable  HP gV‐2 antibodies. Of these, N = 2 viremic  HP gV‐2 infections were confirmed by sequencing and shared 93‐94 median % identity with strains found on other continents. This is the first study to determine the prevalence of chronic  HCV  in Cameroon, and the discovery of  HP gV‐2 in this study cohort expands the geography of  HP gV‐2 to the African continent, indicating a widespread distribution exists.

Hepatitis C virus surveillance and identification of human pegivirus 2 in a large Cameroonian cohort