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Targeting of C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2 or P2Y12 for the prevention of platelet activation by immunotherapeutic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
Author(s) -
Delierneux C.,
Donis N.,
Servais L.,
Wéra O.,
Lecut C.,
Vandereyken M.,
Musumeci L.,
Rahmouni S.,
Schneider J.,
Eble J. A.,
Lancellotti P.,
Oury C.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of thrombosis and haemostasis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.947
H-Index - 178
eISSN - 1538-7836
pISSN - 1538-7933
DOI - 10.1111/jth.13669
Subject(s) - cpg oligodeoxynucleotide , platelet , platelet activation , chemistry , c type lectin , microbiology and biotechnology , p2y12 , receptor , cpg site , cancer research , immunology , biochemistry , biology , gene expression , platelet aggregation , dna methylation , gene
Essentials CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) immuotherapeutics cause undesired platelet activating effects. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of these effects to identify protective strategies. CpG ODN‐induced platelet activation depends on C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2 (CLEC‐2) and P2Y12. Targeting CLEC‐2 or P2Y12 fully prevents CpG ODN‐induced platelet activation and thrombosis.Summary Background Synthetic phosphorothioate‐modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides ( ODN s) show potent immunostimulatory properties that are widely exploited in clinical trials of anticancer treatment. Unexpectedly, a recent study indicated that CpG ODN s activate human platelets via the immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif ( ITAM )‐coupled receptor glycoprotein VI . Objective To further analyze the mechanisms of CpG ODN ‐induced platelet activation and identify potential inhibitory strategies. Methods In vitro analyses were performed on human and mouse platelets, and on cell lines expressing platelet ITAM receptors. CpG ODN platelet‐activating effects were evaluated in a mouse model of thrombosis. Results We demonstrated platelet uptake of CpG ODN s, resulting in platelet activation and aggregation. C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2 ( CLEC ‐2) expressed in DT 40 cells bound CpG ODN s. CpG ODN uptake did not occur in CLEC ‐2‐deficient mouse platelets. Inhibition of human CLEC ‐2 with a blocking antibody inhibited CpG ODN ‐induced platelet aggregation. CpG ODN s caused CLEC ‐2 dimerization, and provoked its internalization. They induced dense granule release before the onset of aggregation. Accordingly, pretreating platelets with apyrase, or inhibiting P2Y12 with cangrelor or clopidogrel, prevented CpG ODN platelet‐activating effect. In vivo , intravenously injected CpG ODN interacted with platelets adhered to mouse injured endothelium, and promoted thrombus growth, which was inhibited by CLEC ‐2 deficiency or by clopidogrel. Conclusions CLEC ‐2 and P2Y12 are required for CpG ODN ‐induced platelet activation and thrombosis, and might be targeted to prevent adverse events in patients at risk.