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Cirrhosis patients have a coagulopathy that is associated with decreased clot formation capacity
Author(s) -
Kleinegris M.C.,
Bos M. H. A.,
Roest M.,
Henskens Y.,
CateHoek A.,
Van Deursen C.,
Spronk H. M. H.,
Reitsma P. H.,
De Groot P. G.,
Cate H.,
Koek G.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of thrombosis and haemostasis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.947
H-Index - 178
eISSN - 1538-7836
pISSN - 1538-7933
DOI - 10.1111/jth.12706
Subject(s) - cirrhosis , medicine , coagulopathy , antithrombin , thrombomodulin , coagulation , fibrinolysis , gastroenterology , thromboelastography , thrombin , whole blood , tissue factor , thrombosis , platelet , heparin
Summary Background The coagulopathy in cirrhosis is associated with thrombosis and bleeding. Objectives To gain better insights into the coagulopathy in patients with cirrhosis, we evaluated plasma thrombin generation and whole blood clot formation in a cross‐sectional study. Methods Blood was collected from 73 patients with all‐cause cirrhosis (Child‐Pugh‐A n = 52, B n = 15, C n = 6) and 20 healthy controls. Activity of the coagulation pathways was measured with assays for factor (F) VIIa and FIXa‐antithrombin and FXa‐antithrombin complexes, respectively. Thrombin generation by calibrated automated thrombography was determined in platelet‐poor plasma using a 1 or 5 p m tissue factor trigger with/without thrombomodulin. ROTEM measurements were performed in whole blood triggered with 35 p m tissue factor without/with 175 ng mL −1 tissue plasminogen activator (the latter refered to as ‘ tPA ‐ROTEM’). Results We observed an increased generation of FVIIa and a moderately elevated amount of FIXa (in complex with antithrombin) without apparent increase in FX activation in patients with cirrhosis. In accordance with this prothrombotic state, markers of thrombin generation potential were also increased upon increasing severity of cirrhosis. In the whole blood clotting assay we observed delayed clot formation and decreased clot strength associated with increased severity of cirrhosis. No significant differences were found for tPA ‐ROTEM parameters of clot degradation. Conclusion These results indicate that cirrhosis patients have an overall procoagulant plasma milieu but a decreased whole blood clot formation capacity with an apparently unaltered resistance to clot lysis.