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Associations of objectively measured sleep characteristics and incident hypertension among police officers: The role of obesity
Author(s) -
Ma Claudia C.,
Gu Ja Kook,
Bhandari Ruchi,
Charles Luenda E.,
Violanti John M.,
Fekedulegn Desta,
Andrew Michael E.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of sleep research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.297
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1365-2869
pISSN - 0962-1105
DOI - 10.1111/jsr.12988
Subject(s) - medicine , body mass index , confidence interval , relative risk , confounding , obesity , poisson regression , risk factor , sleep (system call) , sleep onset latency , actigraphy , sleep onset , demography , insomnia , population , circadian rhythm , psychiatry , environmental health , computer science , operating system , sociology
Abstract This study investigated the associations of baseline sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, longest wake episode, number of awakenings, sleep efficiency and sleep duration with incident hypertension during a 7‐year follow‐up ( n = 161, 68% men) and the joint effect of insufficient sleep and obesity on incident hypertension. Sleep parameters were derived from 15‐day actigraphy data. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a robust Poisson regression model. Each 10‐min increase in sleep onset latency was associated with an 89% higher risk of hypertension (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–3.20). Each 10‐min increase in longest wake episode was associated with a 23% higher risk of hypertension (95% CI = 1.01–1.50) and each 10% decrease in sleep efficiency was associated with a 50% higher risk of hypertension (95% CI = 1.02–2.22). These associations were independent of demographic and lifestyle characteristics, depressive symptoms, shift work, sleep duration and body mass index. Having <6 hr of sleep and a body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 increased the risk of hypertension (relative risk = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.26–6.25) compared with having ≥6 hr of sleep and a body mass index <30 after controlling for confounders. Relative excess risk due to interaction was 3.49 (95% CI = −1.69–8.68) and ratio of relative risk was 3.21 (95% CI = 0.72–14.26). These results suggest that poor sleep quality is a risk factor for hypertension. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to examine the joint effect of insufficient sleep and obesity on development of hypertension.