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Naps reliably estimate nocturnal sleep spindle density in health and schizophrenia
Author(s) -
Mylonas Dimitrios,
Tocci Catherine,
Coon William G.,
Baran Bengi,
Kohnke Erin J.,
Zhu Lin,
Vangel Mark G.,
Stickgold Robert,
Manoach Dara S.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of sleep research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.297
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1365-2869
pISSN - 0962-1105
DOI - 10.1111/jsr.12968
Subject(s) - sleep spindle , polysomnography , memory consolidation , sleep (system call) , audiology , non rapid eye movement sleep , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , eye movement , psychology , neuroscience , medicine , electroencephalography , psychiatry , computer science , hippocampus , operating system
Sleep spindles, defining oscillations of non‐rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep (N2), mediate memory consolidation. Spindle density (spindles/minute) is a stable, heritable feature of the sleep electroencephalogram. In schizophrenia, reduced spindle density correlates with impaired sleep‐dependent memory consolidation and is a promising treatment target. Measuring sleep spindles is also important for basic studies of memory. However, overnight sleep studies are expensive, time consuming and require considerable infrastructure. Here we investigated whether afternoon naps can reliably and accurately estimate nocturnal spindle density in health and schizophrenia. Fourteen schizophrenia patients and eight healthy controls had polysomnography during two overnights and three afternoon naps. Although spindle density was lower during naps than nights, the two measures were highly correlated. For both groups, naps and nights provided highly reliable estimates of spindle density. We conclude that naps provide an accurate, reliable and more scalable alternative to measuring spindle density overnight.