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Schizotypal traits are associated with sleep spindles and rapid eye movement in adolescence
Author(s) -
Kuula Liisa,
Merikanto Ilona,
Makkonen Tommi,
Halonen Risto,
LahtiPulkkinen Marius,
Lahti Jari,
Hein Kati,
Räikkönen Katri,
Pesonen AnuKatriina
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of sleep research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.297
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1365-2869
pISSN - 0962-1105
DOI - 10.1111/jsr.12692
Subject(s) - sleep spindle , schizotypy , polysomnography , non rapid eye movement sleep , psychology , audiology , sleep (system call) , population , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , psychosis , psychiatry , medicine , electroencephalography , environmental health , computer science , operating system
Summary Research suggests an association between schizophrenia and a decrease in sleep spindle activity, as well as a change in sleep architecture. It is unknown how the continuum of psychotic symptoms relates to different features in the sleep electroencephalogram. We set out to examine how sleep architecture and stage 2 spindle activity are associated with schizotypy in a healthy adolescent population. The participants in our study ( n = 176, 61% girls) came from a community‐based cohort. Schizotypal traits were evaluated using the Schizotypal Personality Scale ( STA ) in early adolescence (mean age 12.3 years, SD = 0.5) and the participants underwent ambulatory overnight polysomnography at mean age 16.9 years ( SD = 0.1). Sleep was scored in 30‐s epochs into stages 1, 2, 3 and rapid eye movement ( REM ) sleep. Stage 2 spindles were detected using an automated algorithm. Spindle analyses from central and frontal derivations included spindle duration and density for slow (10–13 Hz) and fast (13–16 Hz) ranges. Covariates included sex and age. Those with the highest STA scores had a higher percentage of REM ( B = 2.07 [95% CI , 0.17, 4.0]; p = .03) than those with the lowest scores. Those with the highest scores had shorter spindle duration, as derived from the frontal regions, and a slower oscillation range ( B = −0.04 [95% CI , −0.07, −0.01]; p = .023) than those with the lowest scores. We conclude that high levels of schizotypy characteristics measured in early adolescence may be associated with distinguished features of sleep architecture, namely with spindle morphology and a higher proportion of REM sleep.