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A comprehensive study on donor‐matched comparisons of three types of mesenchymal stem cells‐containing cells from human dental tissue
Author(s) -
Xing Yixiao,
Zhang Yunpeng,
Wu Xuan,
Zhao Bin,
Ji Yawen,
Xu Xin
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/jre.12630
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , periodontal ligament stem cells , periodontal fiber , regeneration (biology) , stem cell , dental pulp stem cells , microbiology and biotechnology , tissue engineering , regenerative medicine , biology , medicine , biomedical engineering , dentistry , alkaline phosphatase , biochemistry , enzyme
Background and Objective Mesenchymal stem cells ( MSC s) have been widely used in tissue engineering, such as for regenerating the supporting structures of teeth destroyed by periodontal diseases. In recent decades, dental tissue‐derived MSC s have drawn much attention owing to their accessibility, plasticity and applicability. Dental pulp stem cells ( DPSC s), periodontal ligament stem cells ( PDLSC s) and gingival MSC s ( GMSCs ) are the most readily available MSC s among all types of dental MSC s. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare the characteristics of MSC s from dental pulp ( DP ), periodontal ligament ( PDL ) and gingiva (G) in vitro and thus provide insight into optimizing the performance of cells and seed cell selection strategies for tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods In this study, patient‐matched (n = 5) cells derived from DP , PDL and G which, respectively, contained DPSC s, PDLSC s and GMSC s were evaluated using multiple methods in terms of their proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, multilineage differentiation and stemness maintenance after long‐term passage. Results Mesenchymal stem cells‐containing cells from G ( MSC s/ GC s) showed superior proliferation capability, whereas patient‐matched MSC s‐containing cells from PDL ( MSC s/ PDLC s) exhibited excellent osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability; MSC s‐containing cells from DP ( MSC s/ DPC s) achieved mediocre results in both aspects. In addition, MSC s/ GC s were the least susceptible to senescence, while MSC s/ PDLC s were the most prone to ageing. Furthermore, the biological properties of these three types of cells were all affected after long‐term in vitro culture. Conclusion These three types of dental MSC s showed different biological characteristics. MSC s/ PDLC s are the best candidate cells for bone regeneration, but the application of MSC s/ PDLC s might be limited to certain number of passages. Improving the differentiation of MSCs/GCs remains the key issue regarding their application in tissue engineering.