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Human periodontal ligament cells exhibit no endotoxin tolerance upon stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide
Author(s) -
Blufstein A.,
Behm C.,
Nguyen P. Q.,
RauschFan X.,
Andrukhov O.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/jre.12549
Subject(s) - porphyromonas gingivalis , lipopolysaccharide , monocyte , chemistry , chemotaxis , receptor , toll like receptor , stimulation , microbiology and biotechnology , agonist , interleukin , periodontitis , cytokine , immunology , endocrinology , medicine , biology , innate immune system , biochemistry
Background/Objectives Endotoxin tolerance is characterized by a state of hyporesponsiveness after confrontation with endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides ( LPS ) at low concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether pretreatment with Porphyromonas gingivalis leads to endotoxin tolerance induction and possible alterations in toll‐like receptor ( TLR ) 2‐ and 4‐induced response in human periodontal ligament cells ( hPDLC s). Material and Methods Primary hPDLC s were pretreated with P. gingivalis (0.1 or 0.3 μg/ mL ) LPS for 24 hours and afterwards treated with one of the following stimuli: P. gingivalis LPS (1 μg/ mL ); TLR 4 agonist Escherichia coli LPS (0.1 μg/ mL ; 1 μg/ mL ); TLR 2 agonist Pam3 CSK 4 (0.1 μg/ mL ; 1 μg/ mL ). The protein expression of interleukin ( IL )‐6, IL ‐8 and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 was analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expression levels of TLR 2 and TLR 4 were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Pretreatment of cells with low concentrations of P. gingivalis LPS did not result in lower production of IL ‐6, IL ‐8 and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 compared to control group. In some cases, pretreated cells exhibited lower gene expression levels of TLR 2 and TLR 4 compared to non‐pretreated cells. Conclusion The results of this study implicate that hPDLC s do not develop endotoxin tolerance. Furthermore, the amplitude of the inflammatory response shows no significant dependency on TLR 2 and TLR 4 expression levels.