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Investigation of the effect of astaxanthin on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis
Author(s) -
Balci Yuce H.,
Lektemur Alpan A.,
Gevrek F.,
Toker H.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/jre.12497
Subject(s) - astaxanthin , dental alveolus , osteoclast , osteoblast , periodontitis , chemistry , osteocalcin , alkaline phosphatase , nitric oxide synthase , medicine , endocrinology , acid phosphatase , tartrate resistant acid phosphatase , nitric oxide , biochemistry , dentistry , carotenoid , enzyme , in vitro
Background and Objective Astaxanthin is a keto‐carotenoid that has a strong antioxidant effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of astaxanthin on alveolar bone loss and histopathological changes in ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats. Material and methods Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: non‐ligated (C, n = 6); ligature only (L, n = 6); ligature and astaxanthin (1 mg/kg/day astaxanthin, AS 1 group, n = 8); ligature and astaxanthin (5 mg/kg/day astaxanthin, AS 5 group, n = 8). Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin of lower first molars of the mandibular quadrant. The study duration was 11 days and the animals were killed at the end of this period. Changes in alveolar bone levels were clinically measured and tissues were immunohistochemically examined, osteocalcin, bone morphogenic protein‐2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bax and bcl‐2 levels in alveolar bone and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive osteoclast cells, osteoblast and inflammatory cell counts were determined. Results Alveolar bone loss was highest in the L group and the differences among the L, AS 1 and AS 5 groups were also significant ( P < .05). Both doses of astaxanthin decreased tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive + osteoclast cell and increased osteoblast cell counts ( P < .05). The inflammation in the L group was also higher than those of the C and AS 1 groups were ( P < .05) indicating the anti‐inflammatory effect of astaxanthin. Although inducible nitric oxide synthase , osteocalcin , bone morphogenic protein ‐2 and bax staining percentages were all highest in the AS 5 group and bcl‐2 staining percentage was highest in the AS 1 group, values were close to each other ( P > .05). Conclusion Within the limits of this study, it can be suggested that astaxanthin administration may reduce alveolar bone loss by increasing osteoblastic activity and decrease osteoclastic activity in experimental periodontitis model.