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Recruitment of bone marrow‐derived cells to the periodontal ligament via the stromal cell‐derived factor‐1/C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 axis
Author(s) -
Kaku M.,
Kitami M.,
Rosales Rocabado J. M.,
Ida T.,
Akiba Y.,
Uoshima K.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/jre.12433
Subject(s) - periodontal fiber , stem cell , stem cell factor , mesenchymal stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , stromal cell , bone marrow , homing (biology) , chemistry , immunology , biology , progenitor cell , medicine , cancer research , dentistry , ecology
Background/Objectives The periodontal ligament ( PDL ) is a non‐mineralized connective tissue that exists between the alveolar bone and root surface cementum and plays important roles in tooth function. The PDL harbors a remarkable reserve of multipotent stem cells, which maintain various types of cells. However, the sources of these stem cells, other than their developmental origin, are not well understood. Material and Methods To elucidate the recruitment of bone marrow ( BM )‐derived stem cells in the PDL , green fluorescent protein ( GFP )‐expressing BM ‐derived cells were transplanted into the femoral BM of immunodeficient rats, and the distribution and expression of stem cell markers in the PDL were analyzed in vivo . To evaluate the functional significance of BM ‐derived cells to the PDL , tooth replantation was performed and the expression of stromal cell‐derived factor ( SDF )‐1, a critical chemotactic signal for mesenchymal stem cell recruitment, was analyzed. To confirm the SDF ‐1‐dependency of BM ‐derived cell migration to the PDL , PDL ‐conditioned medium ( CM ) was prepared, and BM ‐derived cell migration was analyzed using a transwell culture system. Results Four weeks after cell transplantation, GFP ‐positive cells were detected in the PDL , and some of them were also positive for stem cell markers (i.e., CD 29, SSEA 4, and α SMA ). Seven days after tooth replantation, the number of GFP ‐ and SDF ‐1‐positive cells significantly increased in PDL . Concurrently, the concentration of SDF ‐1 and the number of colony‐forming units of fibroblasts in peripheral blood were increased. BM ‐derived cell migration increased in PDL ‐ CM and was inhibited by an inhibitor of C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 ( CXCR 4), an SDF ‐1 receptor. Conclusion These results indicate that stem cells and their progeny in PDL are not only derived from their developmental origin but are also supplied from the BM via the blood as the need arises. Moreover, this BM ‐derived cell recruitment appears to be regulated, at least partially, by the SDF ‐1/ CXCR 4 axis.