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Are sickle cell anaemia and sickle cell trait predictive factors for periodontal disease? A cohort study
Author(s) -
Carvalho H. L. C. C.,
Thomaz E. B. A. F.,
Alves C. M. C.,
Souza S. F. C.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/jre.12342
Subject(s) - medicine , gingivitis , tooth mobility , dental alveolus , sickle cell trait , periodontitis , dentistry , oral hygiene , gingival recession , clinical attachment loss , chronic periodontitis , gastroenterology , disease
Background and Objective Periodontal diseases are associated with bacterial challenge and the host immune response, and are also modulated by genetic factors. There is evidence that sickle cell anaemia ( SCA ) does not represent a risk factor for periodontal diseases. However, it is still unclear whether the heterozygous condition [sickle cell trait ( SCT )] is associated with periodontal diseases. SCT is a genetic condition that can cause vaso‐occlusive events, which may be associated with a propensity to bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of SCA and SCT with periodontal diseases by evaluating clinical and radiographic characteristics. Material and Methods The sample ( n = 369) was selected and divided into two groups: exposed groups [Hb SS ( SCA genotype) and Hb AS ( SCT genotype) = 246] and a nonexposed group (Hb AA = 123). Hb AA consisted of individuals without SCA and SCT . The clinical parameters evaluated were plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, clinical probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, tooth mobility and furcation involvement. The percentage of alveolar bone loss was measured using a Schei ruler. Binomial and Poisson regressions were used to estimate correlations of interest (α = 0.05). Results None of the periodontal parameters was associated with SCA . SCT was associated with gingivitis ( p = 0.041) and periodontitis ( p = 0.002). Individuals with SCT had a lower plaque index ( p = 0.044) but a higher calculus index ( p = 0.003) and greater alveolar bone loss ( p = 0.010) compared with subjects in the Hb AA group. Conclusions SCT can act as a predictor for establishment of periodontal diseases. There was no correlation between SCA and periodontal diseases.