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Gingival crevicular fluid levels of protease‐activated receptors type 1 and type 2 in diabetic patients with periodontitis
Author(s) -
Abreu I. S.,
Euzebio Alves V. T.,
Benedete A. P. S.,
Bueno da Silva H. A.,
França B. N.,
Saraiva L.,
Lima L. A.,
Carvalho M. H.,
Holzhausen M.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/jre.12336
Subject(s) - chronic periodontitis , medicine , periodontitis , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes , proteases , inflammation , clinical attachment loss , dentistry , gastroenterology , endocrinology , chemistry , enzyme , biochemistry
Background and Objective Protease activated receptor type 1 (PAR 1 ) seems to play a role in periodontal repair, while PAR 2 is associated with periodontal inflammation. As diabetes is a known risk factor for periodontal disease, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes on PAR 1 and PAR 2 mRNA expression in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Material and Methods Gingival crevicular fluid samples and clinical parameters consisting of measuring probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and plaque index were collected from systemically healthy patients and patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis, at baseline and after non‐surgical periodontal therapy. PAR 1 and PAR 2 , as well as the presence of the proteases RgpB gingipain and neutrophil proteinase‐3 were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the gingival crevicular fluid. Results The periodontal clinical parameters significantly improved after periodontal therapy ( p < 0.01). Diabetes led to increased expression of PAR 1 in gingival crevicular fluid , and in the presence of chronic periodontitis, it significantly decreased the expression of PAR 1 and PAR 2 ( p < 0.05). Moreover, non‐surgical periodontal treatment in diabetics resulted in increased expression of PAR 1 and PAR 2 ( p < 0.05), and decreased expression of RgpB gingipain and proteinase‐ 3 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The present data demonstrated that diabetes was associated with an altered expression of PAR 1 and PAR 2 in the gingival crevicular fluid cells of subjects with chronic periodontitis. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of PAR 1 upregulation in periodontally healthy sites and PAR 2 downregulation in chronic periodontitis sites on the increased susceptibility and severity of periodontitis in diabetes.