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Evaluation of scaling and root planing effect in generalized chronic periodontitis by fractal and multifractal analysis
Author(s) -
Pârvu A. E.,
Ţălu Ş.,
Crăciun C.,
Alb S. F.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/jre.12093
Subject(s) - multifractal system , fractal dimension , box counting , fractal analysis , scaling and root planing , fractal , chronic periodontitis , periodontitis , medicine , dentistry , mathematics , pathology , mathematical analysis
Background and Objective Fractal and multifractal analysis are useful additional non‐invasive methods for quantitative description of complex morphological features. However, the quantitative and qualitative assessment of morphologic changes within human gingival cells and tissues are still unexplored. The aim of this work is to assess the structural gingival changes in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis ( GCP ), before and after scaling and root planing ( SRP ) by using fractal and multifractal analysis. Material and Methods Twelve adults with untreated chronic periodontitis were treated only by SRP . At baseline and after SRP , gingivomucosal biopsies were collected for histopathological examination. Fractal and multifractal analysis of digital images of the granular, spinous and basal and conjunctive layers structure, using the standard box‐counting method was performed. The fractal dimension was determined for cell membrane, nuclear membrane of cell and nucleolus membrane of cell. Results In GCP a higher fractal dimension corresponds to a higher geometric complexity of cells contour, as its values increase when the contour irregularities increase. The generalized fractal dimensions were determined for the conjunctive layer structure of patients with GCP and patients with GCP and SRP . The fractal and multifractal analysis of gingival biopsies confirmed earlier findings that SRP reduces gingival injury in patients with GCP . Conclusion It has been shown that fractal and multifractal analysis of tissue images as a non‐invasive technique could be used to measure contrasting morphologic changes within human gingival cells and tissues and can provide detailed information for investigation of healthy and diseased gingival mucosa from patients with GCP .