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Contrasting patterns of genetic structure and phylogeography in the marine agarophytes Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G . freshwateri (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from East Asia
Author(s) -
Boo Ga Hun,
Qiu YingXiong,
Kim Jung Yeon,
Ang Put O.,
Bosch Samuel,
De Clerck Olivier,
He Peimin,
Higa Atsushi,
Huang Bangqin,
Kogame Kazuhiro,
Liu ShaoLun,
Nguyen Tu,
Suda Shoichiro,
Terada Ryuta,
Miller Kathy Ann,
Boo Sung Min
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of phycology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.85
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1529-8817
pISSN - 0022-3646
DOI - 10.1111/jpy.12910
Subject(s) - biology , intertidal zone , phylogeography , population , ecology , genetic structure , range (aeronautics) , introgression , genetic diversity , phylogenetic tree , genetic variation , biochemistry , materials science , demography , sociology , composite material , gene
The evolutionary and population demographic history of marine red algae in East Asia is poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeographies of two upper intertidal species endemic to East Asia, Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G . freshwateri . Phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences of 393 mitochondrial cox 1, 128 plastid rbc L, and 342 nuclear ITS 2 sequences were complemented with ecological niche models. Gelidiophycus divaricatus , a southern species adapted to warm water, is characterized by a high genetic diversity and a strong geographical population structure, characteristic of stable population sizes and sudden reduction to recent expansion. In contrast, G . freshwateri , a northern species adapted to cold temperate conditions, is genetically relatively homogeneous with a shallow population structure resulting from steady population growth and recent equilibrium. The overlap zone of the two species roughly matches summer and winter isotherms, indicating that surface seawater temperature is a key feature influencing species range. Unidirectional genetic introgression was detected at two sites on Jeju Island where G . divaricatus was rare while G . freshwateri was common, suggesting the occurrence of asymmetric natural hybrids, a rarely reported event for rhodophytes. Our results illustrate that Quaternary climate oscillations have left strong imprints on the current day genetic structure and highlight the importance of seawater temperature and sea level change in driving speciation in upper intertidal seaweed species.