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Branched‐chain amino acid ratios in low‐protein diets regulate the free amino acid profile and the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism‐related genes in growing pigs
Author(s) -
Duan Y. H.,
Li F. N.,
Wen C. Y.,
Wang W. L.,
Guo Q. P.,
Li Y. H.,
Yin Y. L.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.651
H-Index - 56
eISSN - 1439-0396
pISSN - 0931-2439
DOI - 10.1111/jpn.12698
Subject(s) - valine , leucine , amino acid , carnitine , hepatic lipase , lipoprotein lipase , biology , branched chain amino acid , metabolism , isoleucine , biochemistry , carnitine palmitoyltransferase i , lipid metabolism , fatty acid , endocrinology , medicine , beta oxidation , enzyme
Summary Liver metabolism is affected by nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low‐protein diets (17% crude protein, CP ) supplemented with branched‐chain amino acids ( BCAA s), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val), on hepatic amino acid profile and lipid metabolism in growing pigs. The ratio of Leu : Ile : Val in all groups was 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (20% crude protein, CP ), 1 : 1 : 1 (17% CP ), 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 (17% CP ), 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (17% CP ) and 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 (17% CP ) respectively. Results revealed that compared to the positive control group (1 : 0.51 : 0.63, 20% CP ), the low‐protein diets significantly augmented the concentrations of most essential amino acids and non‐essential amino acids ( p < .05), with the greatest values observed in the 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 group. Moreover, relative to the control, the low‐protein diets with the Leu : Ile : Val ratio ranging from 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 to 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 markedly downregulated the mRNA abundance of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase ( ACC ), lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) and fatty acid‐binding protein 4 ( FABP ‐4) ( p < .05), and upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase ( HSL ), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐g coactivator‐1 α ( PGC ‐1 α ), uncoupling protein 3 ( UCP 3) and liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (L‐ CPT ‐1) ( p < .05). Therefore, our data suggest that protein‐restricted diets supplemented with optimal BCAA ratio, that is, 1 : 0.75 : 0.75–1 : 0.25 : 0.25, induce a shift from fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation in the liver of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis.