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Diagnostic opportunities for evaluation of the exposure of dairy cows to the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol ( DON ) and zearalenone ( ZEN ): reliability of blood plasma, bile and follicular fluid as indicators
Author(s) -
Winkler J.,
Kersten S.,
Meyer U.,
Stinshoff H.,
Locher L.,
Rehage J.,
Wrenzycki C.,
Engelhardt U. H.,
Dänicke S.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.651
H-Index - 56
eISSN - 1439-0396
pISSN - 0931-2439
DOI - 10.1111/jpn.12285
Subject(s) - zearalenone , mycotoxin , chemistry , zoology , toxin , dry matter , plasma concentration , fusarium , medicine , endocrinology , food science , biochemistry , biology , botany
Summary To investigate the usefulness of follicular fluid ( FF ) in relation to blood plasma and bile as indicators of exposure of dairy cows to ZEN , DON and their metabolites, a dose–response study was performed with 30 dairy cows. The cows, 10 in each group (named CON ; FUS ‐50, FUS ‐100), received a diet with three different concentrations of Fusarium toxin‐contaminated maize. Thereby, the following dietary concentration were reached: CON (0.02 mg ZEN and 0.07 mg DON , per kg dry matter, DM ), FUS ‐50 (0.33 mg ZEN and 2.62 mg DON , per kg DM ) and FUS ‐100 (0.66 mg ZEN and 5.24 mg DON , per kg DM ). ZEN , DON and de‐epoxy‐ DON (de‐ DON ) were detected in FF . Based on the linear regression between toxin concentration in plasma and FF , it seems that about 50 % (m = 0.5) of ZEN present in plasma is present in FF while an increase of 1 ng/ml DON or de‐ DON in plasma is paralleled by an increase of 1.5 ng/ml DON or 1.1 ng/ml de‐ DON in FF . ZEN , DON and their metabolites, except zearalenone ( ZAN ), were also detected in bile. Contrary to DON and de‐ DON , ZEN and its metabolites were accumulated in bile so that the concentration of ZEN and metabolites was much higher than for DON and de‐ DON . The main compound was β ‐zearalenol ( β ‐ ZEL ). The biliary ZEN , α ‐zearalenol ( α ‐ ZEL ) and β ‐ ZEL concentration correlated linearly with each other with an uncertainty of <15 % ( r 2 ≥ 0.86), whereas the ratio between ZEN : α ‐ ZEL : β ‐ ZEL was about 1.5:1:11. With the help of established linear relationship between toxin intake and toxin concentration, bile could be used as diagnostic indicator to assess the exposure of cows.