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Summary  Milk fever is one of the most important metabolic diseases in dairy cattle. Reducing the dietary cation/anion balance ( DCAD ) with anionic salts is a common prevention strategy. However, many small European farms cannot use total mixed rations ( TMR ) in the close‐up period. Including anionic salts in compound feeds can result in feed refusals and moderate inclusions to preserve feed palatability results in insufficient  DCAD  reduction. Rumen‐protected rice bran induces the adaptation of  C a metabolism in dairy cows by a reduction of  C a intake and by a reduction of the availability of dietary  C a. In the presence of a negative control, rumen‐protected rice bran (2.8 kg/day) was compared with a lowered  DCAD  diet (from 269 to 4 meq/kg  DM ) in their effect to prevent milk fever. In a randomized block design, 45 multiparous  H olstein cows joined the trial sequentially from 21 days before the expected calving date and were observed until the 8th week of lactation. Feed and nutrient intakes were recorded, and  C a,  P ,  M g in serum and urine, urine  pH , serum  NEFA  and milk production in early lactation were compared. Feeding rumen‐protected rice bran before calving improved the recovery of calcaemia after calving and had a positive effect on  DMI  after calving. The moderately low  DCAD  diet did not positively influence serum  C a at calving. Calcaemia recovered even later than in control, and cows showed reduced  DMI  post‐calving and higher  NEFA  levels in the first 36 h after calving. This moderate reduction of  DCAD  did not provide an intermediate prevention level indicating that  DCAD  needs to be reduced to the recommended levels to prevent milk fever. Rumen‐protected rice bran may be a suitable feed to reduce hypocalcaemia post‐partum and can be included in pre‐calving compound feeds representing a palatable alternative to anionic salts.

Peripartal calcium homoeostasis of multiparous dairy cows fed rumen‐protected rice bran or a lowered dietary cation/anion balance diet before calving