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Melatonin long‐lasting beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular reactivity and redox balance in chronic hypoxic ovine neonates
Author(s) -
GonzalézCandia Alejandro,
Candia Alejandro A.,
Figueroa Esteban G.,
Feixes Elisenda,
GonzalezCandia Cristopher,
Aguilar Simón A.,
Ebensperger Germán,
Reyes Roberto V.,
Llanos Aníbal J.,
Herrera Emilio A.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of pineal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.881
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1600-079X
pISSN - 0742-3098
DOI - 10.1111/jpi.12613
Subject(s) - melatonin , medicine , redox , hypoxia (environmental) , endocrinology , balance (ability) , cardiology , anesthesia , chemistry , oxygen , organic chemistry , physical medicine and rehabilitation
Pulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate (PAHN) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by maladaptive pulmonary vascular remodeling and abnormal contractile reactivity. This is a multifactorial syndrome with chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress as main etiological drivers, and with limited effectiveness in therapeutic approaches. Melatonin is a neurohormone with antioxidant and vasodilator properties at the pulmonary level. Therefore, this study aims to test whether a postnatal treatment with melatonin during the neonatal period improves in a long‐lasting manner the clinical condition of PAHN. Ten newborn lambs gestated and born at 3600 m were used in this study, five received vehicle and five received melatonin in daily doses of 1 mg kg −1 for the first 3 weeks of life. After 1 week of treatment completion, lung tissue and small pulmonary arteries (SPA) were collected for wire myography, molecular biology, and morphostructural analyses. Melatonin decreased pulmonary arterial pressure the first 4 days of treatment. At 1 month old, melatonin decreased the contractile response to the vasoconstrictors K + , TX 2 , and ET‐1. Further, melatonin increased the endothelium‐dependent and muscle‐dependent vasodilation of SPA. Finally, the treatment decreased pulmonary oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant enzymes and diminishing pro‐oxidant sources. In conclusion, melatonin improved vascular reactivity and oxidative stress at the pulmonary level in PAHN lambs gestated and born in chronic hypoxia.