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Melatonin pretreatment enhances the therapeutic effects of exogenous mitochondria against hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats through suppression of mitochondrial permeability transition
Author(s) -
Chen HongHwa,
Chen YenTa,
Yang ChihChao,
Chen KuanHung,
Sung PeiHsun,
Chiang HsinJu,
Chen ChihHung,
Chua Sarah,
Chung ShengYing,
Chen YiLing,
Huang TienHung,
Kao GourShenq,
Chen ShengYi,
Lee Mel S.,
Yip HonKan
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of pineal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.881
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1600-079X
pISSN - 0742-3098
DOI - 10.1111/jpi.12326
Subject(s) - melatonin , oxidative stress , cytochrome c , mitochondrial permeability transition pore , mitochondrion , reperfusion injury , apoptosis , sirt3 , menadione , biology , in vivo , endocrinology , medicine , ischemia , chemistry , biochemistry , programmed cell death , nad+ kinase , sirtuin , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme
We tested the hypothesis that melatonin (Mel) enhances exogenous mitochondria (Mito) treatment against rodent hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. In vitro study utilized three groups of hepatocytes (i.e. nontreatment, menadione, and menadione–melatonin treatment, 4.0 × 10 5 each), while in vivo study used adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40) equally divided into sham‐control (SC), IR (60‐min left‐lobe ischemia + 72‐hr reperfusion), IR‐Mel (melatonin at 30 min/6/8 hr after reperfusion), IR‐Mito (mitochondria 15,000 μg/rat 30 min after reperfusion), and IR‐Mel‐Mito. Following menadione treatment in vitro, oxidative stress (NOX‐1/NOX‐2/oxidized protein), apoptotic (cleaved caspase‐3/PARP), DNA damage (γ‐H2AX/CD90/XRCC1), mitochondria damage (cytosolic cytochrome c) biomarkers, and mitochondrial permeability transition were found to be lower, whereas mitochondrial cytochrome c were found to be higher in hepatocytes with melatonin treatment compared to those without (all P < 0.001). In vivo study demonstrated highest liver injury score and serum AST in IR group, but lowest in SC group and higher in IR‐Mito group than that in groups IR‐Mel and IR‐Mel‐Mito, and higher in IR‐Mel group than that in IR‐Mel‐Mito group after 72‐hr reperfusion (all P < 0.003). Protein expressions of inflammatory (TNF‐α/NF‐κB/IL‐1β/MMP‐9), oxidative stress (NOX‐1/NOX‐2/oxidized protein), apoptotic (caspase‐3/PARP/Bax), and mitochondria damage (cytosolic cytochrome c) biomarkers displayed an identical pattern, whereas mitochondria integrity marker (mitochondrial cytochrome c) showed an opposite pattern compared to that of liver injury score (all P < 0.001) among five groups. Microscopically, expressions of apoptotic nuclei, inflammatory (MPO + /CD68 + /CD14 + cells), and DNA damage (γ‐H2AX + cells) biomarkers exhibited an identical pattern compared to that of liver injury score (all P < 0.001) among five groups. Melatonin‐supported mitochondria treatment offered an additional benefit of alleviating hepatic IR injury.