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Same molecule but different expression: aging and sepsis trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a target of melatonin
Author(s) -
Volt Huayqui,
García José A.,
Doerrier Carolina,
DíazCasado María E.,
GuerraLibrero Ana,
López Luis C.,
Escames Germaine,
Tresguerres Jesús A.,
AcuñaCastroviejo Darío
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of pineal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.881
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1600-079X
pISSN - 0742-3098
DOI - 10.1111/jpi.12303
Subject(s) - inflammasome , melatonin , inflammation , innate immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , sepsis , proinflammatory cytokine , biology , oxidative stress , immunology , immune system , endocrinology
The connection between the innate immune system, clock genes, and mitochondrial bioenergetics was analyzed during aging and sepsis in mouse heart. Our results suggest that the sole NF ‐κB activation does not explain the inflammatory process underlying aging; the former also triggers the NLRP 3 inflammasome that enhances caspase‐1‐dependent maturation of IL ‐1β. In this way, aged mice enter into a vicious cycle as IL ‐1β further activates the NF ‐κB/ NLRP 3 inflammasome link. The origin of NF ‐κB activation was related to the age‐dependent Bmal1/Clock/ ROR α/Rev‐Erbα loop disruption, which lowers NAD + levels, reducing the SIRT 1 deacetylase ability to inactivate NF ‐κB. Consequently, NF ‐κB binding to DNA increases, raising the formation of proinflammatory mediators and inducing mitochondrial impairment. The cycle is then closed with the subsequent NLRP 3 inflammasome activation. This paired contribution of the innate immune pathways serves as a catalyst to magnify the response to sepsis in aged compared with young mice. Melatonin administration blunted the septic response, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhancing mitochondrial function at the levels of nonseptic aged mice, but it did not counteract the age‐related inflammation. Together, our results suggest that, although with different strengths, chronoinflammaging constitutes the biochemical substrate of aging and sepsis, and identifies the NLRP 3 inflammasome as a new molecular target for melatonin, providing a rationale for its use in NLRP 3‐dependent diseases.