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Controlling and Defence‐related Mechanisms of Bacillus Strains Against Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice
Author(s) -
Elshakh Ahmed S. A.,
Anjum Syed Ishtiaq,
Qiu Wen,
Almoneafy Abdulwareth A.,
Li Wang,
Yang Zhang,
Cui ZhouQi,
Li Bin,
Sun GuoChang,
Xie GuanLin
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of phytopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1439-0434
pISSN - 0931-1785
DOI - 10.1111/jph.12479
Subject(s) - bacillus amyloliquefaciens , xanthomonas oryzae , surfactin , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , strain (injury) , blight , bacteria , biofilm , bacillus subtilis , bacillus (shape) , xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae , gene , botany , pathogen , biochemistry , genetics , anatomy
Bacillus strains are broadly studied for their beneficial role in plant growth and biological control of plant disease and pest; however, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we assessed the controlling and defence‐related mechanisms of three Bacillus strains including rice seed‐associated strain B. subtilis A15, rhizobacterial strains B. amyloliquefaciens D29 and B. methylotrophicus H8, all of which are against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae . Results indicated that all three strains showed strong biofilm formation ability. The culture filtrates of each strain significantly suppressed the growth and biofilm formation of X. oryzae , while changes in bacterial cell morphology such as cell swell and severe cell wall alterations were observed through the transmission electron microscopy images. PCR analysis revealed that all three strains harbour the antimicrobial‐associated genes that are responsible for biosynthesis of bacillomycin, fengycin, iturin and surfactin. Subsequent real‐time qPCR analysis revealed the upregulated expression of fenD and srfAA genes in D29 and H8, and fenD and ituC genes in A15 during their in vitro interaction with X. oryzae . It suggests that the antibacterial mechanisms of the three strains may be at least partially associated with their ability to secrete corresponding lipopeptides. Interestingly, the applications of the three strains in greenhouse conditions were found to be effective in controlling the BLB disease, which was achieved through the activation of inducing systemic resistance resulted from the enhanced activities of defence‐related enzymes. This is the first report of demonstration of the mode of antibacterial effect of Bacillus strains against X. oryzae . Overall, data from the current study provide valuable information for biological control of BLB disease in rice.