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Quantification of Alternaria , Cladosporium , Fusarium and Penicillium verrucosum in Conventional and Organic Grains by qPCR
Author(s) -
Kulik Tomasz,
Treder Kinga,
Załuski Dariusz
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of phytopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1439-0434
pISSN - 0931-1785
DOI - 10.1111/jph.12348
Subject(s) - cladosporium , alternaria , fusarium , biology , penicillium , spore , agronomy , fungi imperfecti , crop , botany , horticulture
Abstract We analysed the levels of Alternaria , Cladosporium , Fusarium and Penicillium verrucosum in grain samples harvested in 2011 and 2012 from conventional and organic farms using qPCR. In general, both Alternaria and Cladosporium occurred in all cereal grains in the highest quantities, followed by P. verrucosum and Fusarium. Alternaria , Cladosporium and P. verrucosum had the highest levels in crop mixtures, barley and rye and lower levels in wheat, while Fusarium levels were the highest in crop mixtures and wheat. The levels of Alternaria and P. verrucosum were higher in organic rye and wheat than conventional grains. Although the level of Fusarium was higher in conventional than organic rye, opposite results were obtained for crop mixtures. A positive correlation was found between Alternaria, Cladosporium and P. verrucosum , indicating that similar factors might affect the distribution of these fungi in grains.