Fig Viruses in Mainland Spain

A survey of fig viruses was conducted from 2010 to 2012 on individual fig trees from outdoor gardens showing different symptoms associated with fig mosaic disease. A total of 30 fig leaf samples were collected from eight different provinces of mainland Spain and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT ‐ PCR ) to assess the presence of fig mosaic virus ( FMV ), fig leaf mottle‐associated virus 1 ( FLM aV‐1), fig leaf mottle‐associated virus 2 ( FLM aV‐2), fig mild mottle‐associated virus ( FMM aV), fig latent virus 1 ( FLV ‐1) and Fig fleck‐associated virus ( FF kaV). The 96.7% (29 samples of 30) of the analysed samples were infected with FMV , 16.7% (5 of 30) with FLM aV‐1 and 26.7% (8 of 30) with FMM aV, whereas all samples were negative for FLM aV‐2, FLV ‐1 and FF kaV. Mixed infection was observed in 13 samples. Sequencing analyses results showed that FMV , FMM aV and FLM aV‐1 Spanish isolates shared 89–93% nt identity with other Mediterranean isolates of the same viruses. Phylogenetic analyses of the amplified RdRp fragment from the FMV grouped the Spanish isolates into a subgroup together with Japanese, Canadian and some Serbian and Turkish isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of FMV , FMM aV and FLM aV‐1 occurring in mainland Spain.