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Virulence and Molecular Diversity of V enturia inaequalis in Commercial Apple Growing Regions in K ashmir
Author(s) -
Padder Bilal Ahmad,
Sofi Tariq Ahmad,
Ahmad Mushtaq,
Shah MehrajUlDin,
Hamid Aflaq,
Saleem Sehar,
Ahanger Farooq Ahmad
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of phytopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1439-0434
pISSN - 0931-1785
DOI - 10.1111/jph.12061
Subject(s) - biology , genetic diversity , virulence , venturia inaequalis , analysis of molecular variance , genotype , nucleotide diversity , gene flow , genetics , haplotype , genetic variation , gene , botany , population , demography , sociology , fungicide
Seventy‐one isolates of V enturia inaequalis collected from commercial apple growing areas of K ashmir were characterized on international differential apple hosts and analyzed by Random Amplified Polymorphic Microsatellites ( RAMS ), PCR – RFLP and sequencing of r DNA for elucidation of variability. Virulence analysis on a differential set categorized them into four pathogenic races, viz. (0), (1), (2) and (1,2) in the first time comprehensive molecular analysis of this in I ndia and especially from J ammu and K ashmir, a north‐western H imalayan state of India. Race groups (0), (1), (2) and (1,2) contained isolates from diverse areas without specificity to any geographical zone or region. Cluster analysis of the RAMS and PCR – RFLP revealed a high genotypic diversity within V . inaequalis isolates. Three major clusters were obtained and the isolates could not be categorized on the basis of either their geographical distribution or the cultivar from which they were isolated. amova analysis of pathogen populations at regional or race level revealed high diversity within the populations. Pairwise F ST comparisons between the populations revealed less genetic differentiation, thereby indicating existence of frequent gene flow in K ashmir. The 24 r DNA sequences of V . inaequalis showed high haplotype diversity of 0.938 and 0.40 nucleotide diversity. Again clustering at regional or race level detected greater part of variability within groups than among groups, thereby indicating high diversity in V . inaequalis populations in K ashmir valley.