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Breastfeeding patterns and effects of minimal supplementation on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration in term infants: A prospective sub‐study of a randomised controlled trial
Author(s) -
Bond Diana M,
Shand Antonia W,
Gordon Adrienne,
Bentley Jason P,
Phipps Hala,
Nassar Natasha
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of paediatrics and child health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.631
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1440-1754
pISSN - 1034-4810
DOI - 10.1111/jpc.15464
Subject(s) - breastfeeding , medicine , pediatrics , breast milk , randomized controlled trial , breast feeding , obstetrics , prospective cohort study , infant formula , caesarean section , pregnancy , surgery , biochemistry , chemistry , biology , genetics
Aim Despite international recommendations, less than one‐third of Australian women exclusively breastfeed for 6 months. The aims of this study were to prospectively determine rates and factors associated with the type and duration of breastfeeding in the first year and examine the effect of minimal supplementation. Methods We conducted a sub‐study of a randomised controlled trial in Sydney, Australia, which included 635 women with uncomplicated term births who intended to breastfeed. Data were collected daily for 56 days, and then at 2, 6 and 12 months post‐partum. Results Breastfeeding outcomes were evaluated for 553 (87%), 480 (76%) and 392 (62%) women at 2, 6 and 12 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was 81% at 2 months and 8% at 6 months. Partial breastfeeding was 75% at 6 months and 54% at 12 months. Factors associated with breastfeeding cessation included caesarean birth, low milk supply, problems latching, increased time to breastfeed, use of formula >7 days in the first 2 months, return to work and early introduction of solids. Breast pain in the first week was associated with a 10% decrease in exclusive breastfeeding. Cracked nipples and no previous breastfeeding experience were associated with supplementation of ≤7 days but had no effect on long‐term breastfeeding duration. Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding declined significantly between 2 and 6 months post‐partum. Early intervention and education to prolong breastfeeding duration should include strategies to manage breast pain and nipple damage to minimise prolonged supplementation. Consistent guidelines about introduction of complementary foods, improved maternity leave and workplace incentives could be effective in prolonging breastfeeding.