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Taxonomic Free Sorting: A Successful Method with Older Consumers and a Novel Approach to Preference Mapping
Author(s) -
Withers C.,
Methven L.,
Qannari E.M.,
Allen V.J.,
Gosney M.A.,
MacFie H.J.H.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of sensory studies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.61
H-Index - 53
eISSN - 1745-459X
pISSN - 0887-8250
DOI - 10.1111/joss.12093
Subject(s) - sorting , preference , computer science , sensory system , sample (material) , sort , hierarchy , set (abstract data type) , task (project management) , artificial intelligence , pattern recognition (psychology) , machine learning , psychology , cognitive psychology , information retrieval , mathematics , statistics , engineering , systems engineering , chromatography , economics , market economy , chemistry , programming language
Taxonomic free sorting ( TFS ) is a fast, reliable and new technique in sensory science. The method extends the typical free sorting task where stimuli are grouped according to similarities, by asking respondents to combine their groups two at a time to produce a hierarchy. Previously, TFS has been used for the visual assessment of packaging whereas this study extends the range of potential uses of the technique to incorporate full sensory analysis by the target consumer, which, when combined with hedonic liking scores, was used to generate a novel preference map. Furthermore, to fully evaluate the efficacy of using the sorting method, the technique was evaluated with a healthy older adult consumer group. Participants sorted eight products into groups and described their reason at each stage as they combined those groups, producing a consumer‐specific vocabulary. This vocabulary was combined with hedonic data from a separate group of older adults, to give the external preference map. Taxonomic sorting is a simple, fast and effective method for use with older adults, and its combination with liking data can yield a preference map constructed entirely from target consumer data. Practical Applications Generating diagnostic sensory data directly from target consumers is a challenge in sensory science. Taxonomic free sorting ( TFS ) is a new and efficient sorting technique that aims to determine the sensory characteristics of products that are important to specific consumer cohorts. The hierarchical stages of TFS gives a better indication of the similarities and differences of a sample set and in this study was combined with consumer hedonic data to generate a preference map. In this study the attributes of the products assessed were provided directly by older consumers, without the need for training or prompting. TFS is a quick and effective method to give clear guidance of positive and negative characteristics of products according to the target consumer, as well as involving the specific consumer audience throughout the testing process.