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Analyzing Multilevel Factors Underlying Adolescent Smoking Behaviors: The Roles of Friendship Network, Family Relations, and School Environment
Author(s) -
Kim Harris H.S.,
Chun JongSerl
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of school health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.851
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1746-1561
pISSN - 0022-4391
DOI - 10.1111/josh.12630
Subject(s) - friendship , odds , multilevel model , context (archaeology) , psychology , association (psychology) , peer group , curriculum , developmental psychology , adolescent health , peer relations , social psychology , peer effects , social influence , medicine , logistic regression , pedagogy , paleontology , nursing , machine learning , computer science , psychotherapist , biology
BACKGROUND This study investigates the extent to which friendship network, family relations, and school context are related to adolescent cigarette smoking. Friendship network is measured in terms of delinquent peers; family relations in terms of parental supervision; and school environment in terms of objective (eg, antismoking policy) and subjective (eg, school attachment) characteristics. METHODS Findings are based on the secondary analysis of the health behavior in school‐aged children, 2009–2010. Two‐level hierarchical generalized linear models are estimated using hierarchical linear modeling 7. RESULTS At the student level, ties to delinquent friends is significantly related to higher odds of smoking, while greater parental supervision is associated with lower odds. At the school level, antismoking policy and curriculum independently lower smoking behavior. Better within‐class peer relations, greater school attachment, and higher academic performance are also negatively related to smoking. Last, the positive association between delinquent friends and smoking is weaker in schools with a formally enacted antismoking policy. However, this association is stronger in schools with better peer relations. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent smoking behavior is embedded in a broader ecological setting. This research reveals that a proper understanding of it requires comprehensive analysis that incorporates factors measured at individual (student) and contextual (school) levels.