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Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adolescence: Parenting Interacting With DAT1 and DRD4 Genes
Author(s) -
Janssens Annelies,
Van Den Noortgate Wim,
Goossens Luc,
Colpin Hilde,
Verschueren Karine,
Claes Stephan,
Van Leeuwen Karla
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of research on adolescence
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.342
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1532-7795
pISSN - 1050-8392
DOI - 10.1111/jora.12271
Subject(s) - psychology , aggression , developmental psychology , diathesis–stress model , differential association , punitive damages , tourism , medical tourism , political science , law
This study extends previous gene‐by‐environment (G × E) research through design and methodological advances and examines alternative hypotheses of diathesis stress, vantage sensitivity, and differential susceptibility. In a sample of 984 adolescents and their parents, we examined whether effects of parental support, proactive, punitive, harsh punitive, and psychological control on externalizing problem behavior are moderated by adolescents' genotype for the dopamine transporter (DAT1) or receptor D4 (DRD4) gene. Results provided evidence for main effects of parenting behavior and DRD4, and multiple interaction effects of which one survived Bonferroni correction. Adolescents carrying a long DRD4 variant were more susceptible to the effects of parental proactive control on aggression, for better and for worse. Critical considerations were made regarding the complexity of G × E research.