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Future time perspective and affect in daily life across adulthood and old age: Findings from two micro‐longitudinal studies
Author(s) -
Katana Marko,
Hill Patrick L.,
Allemand Mathias
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of personality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.082
H-Index - 144
eISSN - 1467-6494
pISSN - 0022-3506
DOI - 10.1111/jopy.12543
Subject(s) - psychology , affect (linguistics) , arousal , valence (chemistry) , perspective (graphical) , developmental psychology , multilevel model , perception , social psychology , communication , statistics , physics , quantum mechanics , artificial intelligence , neuroscience , computer science , mathematics
Objective Future time perspective (FTP) refers to individuals’ perceptions of the future as either open‐ended or limited. Despite well‐documented individual differences in FTP across the adult life span, little is known about short‐term variations of FTP within individuals and the within‐person associations between FTP and affective experiences. Method Study 1 used data from a daily diary study over 10 days ( N = 564) with a wide age range across the adult life span ( M = 48.30). Study 2 used data from an ambulatory assessment study over 10 days ( N = 136) obtained from healthy older adults ( M = 70.45). Results Findings suggest that 10% to 20% of the total variance in FTP was within‐person and 29% to 62% of the total variance in affect was within‐person. Multilevel modeling showed that occasions with a more open‐ended FTP were occasions with more positive affect, energetic arousal, calmness, and positive valence, and less negative affect. Age moderated the within‐person associations between FTP and positive and negative affect as well as energetic arousal, with weaker associations for older adults. Conclusions This research demonstrates the importance of looking at both within‐person and between‐person differences with respect to the associations between FTP and affective experiences in daily life.