Premium
Self‐distancing promotes positive emotional change after adversity: Evidence from a micro‐longitudinal field experiment
Author(s) -
Dorfman Anna,
Oakes Harrison,
Santos Henri C.,
Grossmann Igor
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of personality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.082
H-Index - 144
eISSN - 1467-6494
pISSN - 0022-3506
DOI - 10.1111/jopy.12534
Subject(s) - distancing , emotionality , psychology , developmental psychology , longitudinal field , perspective (graphical) , social psychology , covid-19 , medicine , physics , disease , pathology , quantum mechanics , artificial intelligence , magnetic field , computer science , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Objective This research examines changes in emotionality following adverse experiences in daily life. We tested whether daily self‐distancing (vs. self‐immersing) in reflections on adversity results in positive change in emotionality. Additionally, we probed the “dosage” effect of repeated self‐distancing. Method A micro‐longitudinal field experiment combined 4‐week daily diary and experimental manipulation of perspective during diary‐based reflections on adverse experiences to explore the trajectory of change in emotionality. Each day, participants ( N = 149) described and reflected on one significant event from that day and rated emotionality. We randomly assigned participants to reflect from a self‐immersed or self‐distanced perspective. Results Self‐distanced participants showed a change toward positive emotionality while maintaining the same level of negative emotionality, whereas self‐immersed participants did not show changes in positive or negative emotionality. We also observed that self‐distancing reached its maximum effect (“dosage”) for positive emotionality in the third week of the diary. Conclusions Repeated self‐distanced reflections can promote positive change in emotionality in the face of everyday adversity. Notably, repeated self‐distancing effectiveness has a saturation point. In contrast, self‐immersed reflections on adversity do not promote positive emotional change. Together, these observations raise the question how the default self‐immersed reflection on traumatic experiences impacts personal growth.