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Individual self > relational self > collective self—But why? Processes driving the self‐hierarchy in self‐ and person perception
Author(s) -
Nehrlich Andreas D.,
Gebauer Jochen E.,
Sedikides Constantine,
Abele Andrea E.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of personality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.082
H-Index - 144
eISSN - 1467-6494
pISSN - 0022-3506
DOI - 10.1111/jopy.12384
Subject(s) - psychology , hierarchy , social psychology , self , preference , perception , value (mathematics) , self concept , teleology , similarity (geometry) , content (measure theory) , epistemology , mathematical analysis , philosophy , mathematics , neuroscience , machine learning , artificial intelligence , computer science , economics , market economy , image (mathematics) , microeconomics
Abstract Objective The self has three parts: individual, relational, and collective. Typically, people personally value their individual self most, their relational self less, and their collective self least. This self‐hierarchy is consequential, but underlying processes have remained unknown. Here, we propose two process accounts. The content account draws upon selves' agentic–communal content, explaining why the individual self is preferred most. The teleology account draws upon selves' instrumentality for becoming one's personal ideal, explaining why the collective self is preferred least. Method In Study 1 ( N = 200, 45% female, M age = 32.9 years, 79% Caucasian), participants listed characteristics of their three selves (individual, relational, collective) and evaluated those characteristics in seven preference tasks. Additionally, we analyzed the characteristics' agentic–communal content, and participants rated their characteristics' teleological instrumentality. Study 2 ( N = 396, 55% female, M age = 34.5 years, 76% Caucasian) used identical methodology and featured an additional condition, where participants evaluated the selves of a friend. Results Study 1 reconfirmed the self‐hierarchy and supported both process accounts. Study 2 replicated and extended findings. As hypothesized, when people evaluate others' selves, a different self‐hierarchy emerges (relational > individual > collective). Conclusions This research pioneers process‐driven explanations for the self‐hierarchy, establishing why people prefer different self‐parts in themselves than in others.