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Flexural and Surface Properties of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with Thymoquinone as an Antifungal Agent
Author(s) -
Gad Mohammed M.,
AlThobity Ahmad M.,
Fouda Shaimaa M.,
Näpänkangas Ritva,
Raustia Aune
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of prosthodontics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.902
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1532-849X
pISSN - 1059-941X
DOI - 10.1111/jopr.12967
Subject(s) - flexural strength , materials science , composite material , surface roughness , flexural modulus , vickers hardness test , acrylic resin , universal testing machine , hardness , elastic modulus , profilometer , ultimate tensile strength , coating , microstructure
Purpose To evaluate the effect of addition of different concentrations of thymoquinone (TQ) on the flexural strength, elastic modulus, surface roughness, and hardness of PMMA denture base material. Materials and Methods A total of 160 rectangular specimens were prepared from heat‐polymerized acrylic resin, with dimensions of 65 × 10 × 2.5 mm 3 for flexural strength testing and 10 × 20 × 3 mm 3 for surface property testing. The specimens were divided into eight groups of 20 specimens: one control group without addition of TQ and seven test groups prepared by adding TQ to acrylic powder in concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 5 wt%. The polymer was added to the monomer before being mixed, packed, and processed using the conventional water bath method. A universal testing machine was used to measure flexural strength and elastic modulus. A profilometer and a Vickers hardness tester were used to measure surface roughness and hardness, respectively. One‐way ANOVA and the Tukey‐Kramer multiple‐comparison test were used for statistical analysis, with statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05. Results Addition of TQ to PMMA denture base material significantly decreased flexural strength and elastic modulus at high concentrations ( p < 0.01), while no significant differences were observed at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) in comparison with the control group. At high TQ concentrations, surface roughness increased while hardness decreased ( p < 0.0001), and no significant differences were observed at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) in comparison with the control group. The most favorable addition values were 0.5% and 1% TQ in all TQ groups. Conclusions Addition of TQ did not affect the flexural and surface properties of PMMA denture base material at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) and could be incorporated into PMMA denture base material as an antifungal agent.