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M 2 macrophages and inflammatory cells in oral lesions of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis
Author(s) -
Carli Marina Lara,
Miyazawa Marta,
ogaki Suely,
Shirata Neuza Kasumi,
Oliveira Denise Tostes,
Pereira Alessandro Antônio Costa,
Hanemann João Adolfo Costa
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of oral pathology and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.887
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0714
pISSN - 0904-2512
DOI - 10.1111/jop.12333
Subject(s) - paracoccidioidomycosis , cd163 , immune system , cd68 , immunology , macrophage , antibody , paracoccidioides , cytokine , tumor necrosis factor alpha , medicine , immunohistochemistry , monoclonal antibody , pathology , biology , biochemistry , in vitro
Background Paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) is a systemic fungal infection caused by P aracoccidioides brasiliensis ( P b ) and associated with deficient cellular immune response, which is modulated by inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages, and cytokines. Recently, the comprehension of the macrophage polarization mediated by T h1 and T h2 cytokines has contributed to elucidate the immune response that takes part in some diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of T h1‐ and T h2‐immune response and also P b counting in oral lesions of chronic PCM . Methods Forty‐eight cases of chronic PCM oral lesions were included. All cases were classified as loose or dense granulomas. S 100 protein, IL ‐1β, IL ‐6, TNF ‐α, CD 163 and CD 68 immunoexpressions, and P b localization were evaluated. The fungi present in the tissue were quantified by anti‐ P b antibody. Results Most patients were white men with mean age of 47 years old and showed higher incidence of multiple lesions. Loose granulomas were predominant and exhibited a great amount of M 2 macrophages, which were visualized with anti‐ CD 163 antibody. The expression for CD 163 and CD 68 was similar ( P = 0.05), highlighting the predominance of M 2 macrophages in PCM . IL ‐1β, IL ‐6, and TNF ‐α immunoexpression did not significantly change with CD 163, CD 68, and S 100 protein. The number of fungi was significantly higher in cases with intense IL ‐1β immunoexpression ( P = 0.003). Conclusions M 2‐activated macrophages were the majority among inflammatory cells in chronic PCM , characterizing the action of a T h2‐immune response. Nevertheless, T h1 cytokines were also found; mainly IL ‐1β, which was associated with fungi counting in oral lesions.