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Gene–environment interaction and susceptibility in head and neck cancer patients and in their first‐degree relatives: a study of N ortheast I ndian population
Author(s) -
Choudhury Javed Hussain,
Ghosh Sankar Kumar
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of oral pathology and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.887
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0714
pISSN - 0904-2512
DOI - 10.1111/jop.12249
Subject(s) - genotype , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , odds ratio , head and neck cancer , multifactor dimensionality reduction , medicine , genotyping , oncology , genetics , biology , cancer , single nucleotide polymorphism , gene
Background The environmental and genetic factors are known to be associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( HNSCC ). Here, we investigated the GSTM 1 and GSTT 1 polymorphisms and tobacco uses in patients and in their first‐degree relatives to evaluate susceptibility toward HNSCC . Further, we explored high‐risk interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Subjects and methods Genotyping of GSTM 1 and GSTT 1 was performed in 170 patients, 300 first‐degree relatives of patients and 300 controls using multiplex PCR . Multifactor dimensionality reduction ( MDR ) and logistic regression approach were applied for statistical analysis. Results Analysis revealed that GSTM 1 and GSTT 1 null genotype frequencies were significantly higher in patients (adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) = 2.18; P < 0.001 and OR = 1.61; P = 0.031, respectively). Also, the GSTM 1 and GSTT 1 null genotype frequencies were significantly higher in first‐degree relatives of patients compared with controls ( P = 0.004 and P = 0.041, respectively). In MDR analysis, the best model for HNSCC risk was four‐factors model of tobacco, betel quid chewing, smoking and GSTM 1 null genotypes (cross‐validation consistency = 10/10 and P < 0.0001), whereas in interaction entropy graphs, tobacco chewing and GSTM 1 null genotype further showed strongest synergistic interaction. Conclusion GSTM 1 and GSTT 1 null genotypes may act as markers to determine the genetic susceptibility in HNSCC patients and in their first‐degree relatives. Furthermore, tobacco chewing and GSTM 1 null genotype interaction identified as the strongest gene‐environment model to predict HNSCC .