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Photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) resistance by PARP 1 regulation on PDT ‐induced apoptosis with autophagy in head and neck cancer cells
Author(s) -
Kim Jisun,
Lim Wonbong,
Kim Sangwoo,
Jeon Sangmi,
Hui Zheng,
ni Kou,
Kim Changsu,
Im Yeonggwan,
Choi Hongran,
Kim Okjoon
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of oral pathology and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.887
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0714
pISSN - 0904-2512
DOI - 10.1111/jop.12195
Subject(s) - autophagy , programmed cell death , photodynamic therapy , apoptosis , cancer research , cancer cell , poly adp ribose polymerase , biology , chemistry , cancer , biochemistry , genetics , organic chemistry , polymerase , gene
Background Photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) is an anticancer treatment that generates excessive reactive oxygen species after photosensitizer treatments following specific wavelength irradiation. In another reports, PDT was regulated with autophagic cell death and apoptotic cell death. However, the mechanism of PDT resistance in PDT ‐stimulated cell death is unclear. In this study, we determined PDT resistance by autophagy and apoptosis in HP ‐ PDT ‐treated oral cancer cells. Materials & Methods Cells were treated hematoporphyrin and then irradiation with or without inhibitor. Cell lysates were checked protein expression with specific antibody. PDT resistance cells were generated with PDT repeated treatments. Results In HP ‐ PDT , PDT induced autophagy through m TOR , ATG 5, and LC 3 in dose‐dependent manners. Also, PDT at high dose induced apoptosis through caspase activation and PARP ‐1. Moreover, PARP ‐1 inhibitor protected cells against HP ‐ PDT ‐induced cell death, but not by caspase inhibitor. At low dose of HP , autophagy inhibitor partially protected from HP ‐ PDT ‐induced cell death. In autophagy phases, at low doses, HP ‐ PDT regulated autophagic cell death through the inhibition of LC 3II. Although autophagy inhibitor did not alter cell death directly, autophagy has associated with HP ‐ PDT ‐induced apoptotic cell death by PARP ‐1 regulation. Conclusion Taken together, HP ‐ PDT induces apoptotic cell death with autophagy in oral cancer cells. PDT resistance is related to autophagy by PARP ‐1 regulation in oral cancer cells.