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Combined effect of poor appetite and low masticatory function on sarcopenia in community‐dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥ 75 years: A 3‐year cohort study
Author(s) -
Senoo Soichiro,
Iwasaki Masanori,
Kimura Yumi,
Kakuta Satoko,
Masaki Chihiro,
Wada Taizo,
Sakamoto Ryota,
Ishimoto Yasuko,
Fujisawa Michiko,
Okumiya Kiyohito,
Ansai Toshihiro,
Matsubayashi Kozo,
Hosokawa Ryuji
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of oral rehabilitation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.991
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1365-2842
pISSN - 0305-182X
DOI - 10.1111/joor.12949
Subject(s) - sarcopenia , masticatory force , medicine , cohort , gerontology , mastication , appetite , physical therapy , demography , dentistry , sociology
Objective This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association of the combination of poor appetite (PA) and low masticatory function (LMF) with sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults. Methods In total, 173 community‐dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥ 75 years participated in the 3‐year cohort study. Appetite assessment using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) and masticatory function assessment using spectrophotometric measurement of differences in gum colour before and after masticating colour‐changeable chewing gum (ΔE*ab) were performed at baseline. SNAQ score of ≤ 14 was defined as PA. The lowest tertile of ΔE*ab was defined as LMF. Follow‐up examinations were administered annually over a 3‐year period to determine sarcopenia incidence, which was defined by the criteria proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of sarcopenia incidence according to the presence of PA and LMF were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results At baseline, 81 participants (46.8%) had neither PA nor LMF, 34 (19.7%) had PA alone, 35 (20.2%) had LMF alone, and 23 (13.3%) had both PA and LMF. On follow‐up, 31 participants (17.9%) developed sarcopenia. After adjusting for covariates, the adjusted HR for sarcopenia in participants with both PA and LMF was 4.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.6‐12.2) compared with those without PA or LMF. PA or LMF alone was not significantly associated with sarcopenia development. Conclusions Coexisting PA and LMF increase the risk of sarcopenia development among community‐dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥ 75 years.