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Th1/Th17/Th22 immune response and their association with joint pain, imagenological bone loss, RANKL expression and osteoclast activity in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A preliminary report
Author(s) -
Monasterio G.,
Castillo F.,
Rojas L.,
Cafferata E. A.,
Alvarez C.,
Carvajal P.,
Núñez C.,
Flores G.,
Díaz W.,
Vernal R.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of oral rehabilitation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.991
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1365-2842
pISSN - 0305-182X
DOI - 10.1111/joor.12649
Subject(s) - osteoclast , temporomandibular joint , rankl , medicine , osteoarthritis , joint pain , immune system , orthodontics , immunology , pathology , receptor , alternative medicine , activator (genetics)
Summary It is well accepted that the presence of cytokines belonging to the Th1/Th17/Th22 axis of immuno‐inflammatory response in the joint environment, such as IL ‐1β, IL ‐17 and IL ‐22, respectively, are associated with pathogenesis of several synovial joint degenerative disorders. During temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis ( TMJ ‐ OA ), IL ‐1β and IL ‐17 have been implicated in the inflammation and resorption of sub‐chondral bone; however, the role of Th22 response in the TMJ ‐ OA pathophysiology has not been established. This study aimed to compare the expression of Th1/Th17/Th22‐type cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors in synovial fluid samples obtained from TMJ ‐ OA or disk displacement with reduction ( DDWR ) patients. In addition, it aimed to associate these levels with joint pain, imagenological signs of bone degeneration, RANKL production, osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast‐induced bone resorption. Higher levels of IL ‐1β, IL ‐17 and IL ‐22 were expressed in TMJ ‐ OA compared with DDWR subjects, and these increased levels significantly correlated with RANKL expression, joint pain and articular bone degeneration. Higher levels of CCR 5, CCR 6 and CCR 7, as well as their respective ligands CCL 5 and CCL 20, responsible for recruitment of IL ‐1β, IL ‐17 and IL ‐22‐producing cells, were over‐expressed in TMJ ‐ OA compared with DDWR subjects. Osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast‐induced bone resorption were significantly greater in presence of synovial fluid from TMJ ‐ OA compared with DDWR subjects. These data demonstrate that cytokines, CCL s and CCR s associated with the Th1/Th17/Th22 axis of immuno‐inflammatory response are involved in TMJ ‐ OA pathogenesis. These findings suggest that IL ‐22 is involved in the RANKL expression in TMJ ‐ OA , which in turn induces differentiation of osteoclasts and subsequent resorption of sub‐chondral bone.