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Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus
Author(s) -
Lobbezoo F.,
Ahlberg J.,
Glaros A. G.,
Kato T.,
Koyano K.,
Lavigne G. J.,
Leeuw
R.,
Manfredini D.,
Svensson P.,
Winocur E.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of oral rehabilitation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.991
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1365-2842
pISSN - 0305-182X
DOI - 10.1111/joor.12011
Subject(s) - grading (engineering) , sleep bruxism , sleep medicine , medicine , psychology , dentistry , physical therapy , orthodontics , sleep disorder , physical medicine and rehabilitation , electromyography , psychiatry , engineering , insomnia , civil engineering
Summary To date, there is no consensus about the definition and diagnostic grading of bruxism. A written consensus discussion was held among an international group of bruxism experts as to formulate a definition of bruxism and to suggest a grading system for its operationalisation. The expert group defined bruxism as a repetitive jaw‐muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Bruxism has two distinct circadian manifestations: it can occur during sleep (indicated as sleep bruxism) or during wakefulness (indicated as awake bruxism). For the operationalisation of this definition, the expert group proposes a diagnostic grading system of ‘possible’, ‘probable’ and ‘definite’ sleep or awake bruxism. The proposed definition and grading system are suggested for clinical and research purposes in all relevant dental and medical domains.