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Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Role of Electroencephalography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s) -
Koppel B.S.,
Poon T.P,
Khandji A.,
Pavlakis S. G.,
Pedley T. A.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
journal of neuroimaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.822
H-Index - 64
eISSN - 1552-6569
pISSN - 1051-2284
DOI - 10.1111/jon199662122
Subject(s) - subacute sclerosing panencephalitis , medicine , measles , encephalopathy , magnetic resonance imaging , myoclonus , electroencephalography , measles virus , brain biopsy , dementia , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , pathology , encephalitis , pediatrics , vaccination , virology , disease , virus , radiology , psychiatry
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) had largely disappeared from the United States because of nearly universal measles vaccination, but it has reemerged in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) . Two children with SSPE are described . The first was HIV positive and presented with seizures and encephalopathy at the age of 21 months. The second developed myoclonus and dementia at age 4 years; she was not infected with HIV, but her mother had acquired immunodeficiency syndrom. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were nonspecific and could have been compatible with HIV encephalopathy. Electroencephalography was characteristic of SSPE, showing high‐voltage, periodic slow‐wave complexes and background slowing . The diagnosis of SSPE was confirmed by brain biopsy or high measles antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid.