Premium
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of incident advanced chronic kidney disease: a propensity‐matched cohort study
Author(s) -
Park Haesuk,
Dawwas Ghadeer K.,
Liu Xinyue,
Nguyen Mindie H.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.625
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1365-2796
pISSN - 0954-6820
DOI - 10.1111/joim.12964
Subject(s) - medicine , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , kidney disease , hazard ratio , cirrhosis , proportional hazards model , gastroenterology , retrospective cohort study , propensity score matching , cohort , risk factor , confidence interval , fatty liver , disease
Background As the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) escalates, understanding its potential impact on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is needed. Objective To determine the longitudinal association of NAFLD with the development of advanced CKD in the United States. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of the Truven Health MarketScan Database (2006–2015) was conducted. We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare the risk of developing CKD stages 3–5 in patients with NAFLD versus non‐NAFLD, identified by ICD‐9 codes, after 1:3 propensity score (PS) matching. Results In a cohort of 262 619 newly diagnosed patients with NAFLD and 769 878 PS (1:3)‐matched non‐NAFLD patients, we identified 5766 and 8655 new advanced (stage 3–5) CKD cases, respectively. The crude CKD incidence rate was 8.2 and 5.5 per 1000 person‐years in NAFLD and non‐NAFLD groups, respectively. In multivariable Cox model, patients with NAFLD had a 41% increased risk of developing advanced CKD compared with non‐NAFLD patients [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36–1.46]. In the sensitivity analysis adjusting for time‐varying covariates after NAFLD diagnosis, NAFLD persisted as a significant CKD risk factor (aHR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52–1.66) and the association remained significant when stratified by age, gender and pre‐existing comorbidities. The risk of CKD increased in NAFLD with compensated cirrhosis (aHR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.36–1.59) and decompensated cirrhosis (aHR, 2.28; 95% CI, 2.12–2.46). Conclusion Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was independently associated with an increased risk of advanced CKD development suggesting renal function screening and regular monitoring are needed in this population.