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Human papillomavirus vaccination of adult women and risk of autoimmune and neurological diseases
Author(s) -
Hviid A.,
Svanström H.,
Scheller N. M.,
Grönlund O.,
Pasternak B.,
ArnheimDahlström L.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.625
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1365-2796
pISSN - 0954-6820
DOI - 10.1111/joim.12694
Subject(s) - medicine , vaccination , cohort , coeliac disease , pediatrics , incidence (geometry) , cohort study , confidence interval , disease , immunology , physics , optics
Background Since 2006, human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccines have been introduced in many countries worldwide. Whilst safety studies have been reassuring, focus has been on the primary target group, the young adolescent girls. However, it is also important to evaluate safety in adult women where background disease rates and safety issues could differ significantly. Objective We took advantage of the unique Danish and Swedish nationwide healthcare registers to conduct a cohort study comparing incidence rate ratios ( RR s) of 45 preselected serious chronic diseases in quadrivalent HPV ( qHPV )‐vaccinated and qHPV ‐unvaccinated adult women 18–44 years of age. Methods We used Poisson regression to estimate RR s according to qHPV vaccination status with two‐sided 95% confidence intervals (95% CI s). Results The study cohort comprised 3 126 790 women (1 195 865 [38%] Danish and 1 930 925 [62%] Swedish) followed for 16 386 459 person‐years. Vaccine uptake of at least one dose of qHPV vaccine was 8% in the cohort: 18% amongst Danish women and 2% amongst Swedish. We identified seven adverse events with statistically significant increased risks following vaccination—Hashimoto's thyroiditis, coeliac disease, localized lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris, Addison's disease, Raynaud's disease and other encephalitis, myelitis or encephalomyelitis. After taking multiple testing into account and conducting self‐controlled case series analyses, coeliac disease ( RR 1.56 [95% confidence interval 1.29–1.89]) was the only remaining association. Conclusion Unmasking of conditions at vaccination visits is a plausible explanation for the increased risk associated with qHPV in this study because coeliac disease is underdiagnosed in Scandinavian populations. In conclusion, our study of serious adverse event rates in qHPV ‐vaccinated and qHPV ‐unvaccinated adult women 18–44 years of age did not raise any safety issues of concern.