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High‐mobility group box‐1 in sterile inflammation
Author(s) -
Tsung A.,
Tohme S.,
Billiar T. R.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.625
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1365-2796
pISSN - 0954-6820
DOI - 10.1111/joim.12276
Subject(s) - hmgb1 , inflammation , inflammasome , tlr9 , microbiology and biotechnology , tlr4 , medicine , receptor , innate immune system , signal transduction , rage (emotion) , immunology , pyroptosis , glycation , nuclear protein , toll like receptor , immune system , transcription factor , biology , gene , gene expression , neuroscience , genetics , dna methylation
High‐mobility group box 1 ( HMGB 1) was originally defined as a ubiquitous nuclear protein, but it was later determined that the protein has different roles both inside and outside of cells. Nuclear HMGB 1 regulates chromatin structure and gene transcription, whereas cytosolic HMGB 1 is involved in inflammasome activation and autophagy. Extracellular HMGB 1 has drawn attention because it can bind to related cell signalling transduction receptors, such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products, Toll‐like receptor ( TLR )2, TLR 4 and TLR 9. It also participates in the development and progression of a variety of diseases. HMGB 1 is actively secreted by stimulation of the innate immune system, and it is passively released by ischaemia or cell injury. This review focuses on the important role of HMGB 1 in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic sterile inflammatory conditions. Strategies that target HMGB 1 have been shown to significantly decrease inflammation in several disease models of sterile inflammation, and this may represent a promising clinical approach for treatment of certain conditions associated with sterile inflammation.