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Maternal overweight and obesity and its associated factors and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) ‐infected and HIV ‐uninfected black South African pregnant women
Author(s) -
Erasmus Christen R.,
Chuturgoon Anil A.,
Maharaj Niren R.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.597
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1447-0756
pISSN - 1341-8076
DOI - 10.1111/jog.15392
Subject(s) - medicine , overweight , odds ratio , body mass index , obesity , confidence interval , logistic regression , pregnancy , cross sectional study , gestational diabetes , obstetrics , immunology , gestation , genetics , pathology , biology
Aim This study aimed to investigate various variables between maternal overweight and/or obesity versus normal‐weight pregnant black South African women living with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods A cross‐sectional study design was employed. A total of 200 pregnant women were enrolled in the study, categorized according to body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 ) into two groups: (1) overweight/obese (≥25 kg/m 2 ) ( n = 97); and (2) nonoverweight/nonobese (<25 kg/m 2 ) ( n = 103), where 90 were HIV‐infected and 110 were HIV‐uninfected. The differences between the maternal BMI categories were assessed using Fisher's exact t ‐test and the χ 2 test. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with maternal overweight and obesity. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.061; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008–1.117; p = 0.023) and gestational age (OR: 1.121; 95% CI 1.005–1.251; p = 0.041) were significantly associated with maternal overweight/obesity in both HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected. For maternal health outcomes, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hypertensive disorders (OR: 0.273; 95% CI 0.124–0.601; p = 0.001) and anemia (OR: 2.420; 95% CI 1.283–4.563; p = 0.006) were significantly associated with maternal overweight/obesity in both HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected. The overweight/obese HIV‐infected participants (OR: 0.233; 95% CI 0.075–0.717; p = 0.011) had increased odds for developing hypertensive disorders compared to HIV‐uninfected overweight/obese participants (OR: 0.471; 95% CI 0.172–1.291; p = 0.143). Conclusions Maternal overweight/obesity in both HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant black South African women was significantly associated with maternal age, gestational age, HPT disorders, and anemia. Maternal overweight/obesity decreased the odds for anemia, but increased the odds for the development of HPT disorders, especially in the HIV‐infected pregnant women.