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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A retrospective cohort study
Author(s) -
Li Shuanglei,
Xiong Jing,
Du Zhongtao,
Lai Wei,
Ma Xinhua,
Feng Zhichun,
Shi Yuan,
Hong Xiaoyang,
Chen Yundai
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of cardiac surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1540-8191
pISSN - 0886-0440
DOI - 10.1111/jocs.15833
Subject(s) - medicine , extracorporeal membrane oxygenation , fraction of inspired oxygen , retrospective cohort study , intensive care unit , mechanical ventilation , ards , cohort , respiratory failure , covid-19 , cohort study , intensive care medicine , emergency medicine , anesthesia , disease , lung , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Purpose The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenatio (ECMO) for rescue therapy of respiratory failure in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of ECMO in the treatment of COVID‐19 compared with conventional ventilation support. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected on extremely critical patients with COVID‐19 from January 2020 to March 2020 in intensive care unit of a hospital in charge by national rescue team in Wuhan, China, the epicenter of pandemic. Patients were classified into the ECMO group and the conventional ventilation non‐ECMO group. Clinical characteristics, technical characteristics, laboratory results, mortality, and complications of the two groups were analyzed. Results 88 patients with extremely critical COVID‐19 were screened; 34 received ECMO support and 31 received conventional ventilation support. Both groups had comparable characteristics at baseline in terms of age, gender, and comorbidities. Before ECMO or conventional therapy, patients in the two groups had sever acute respiratory distress syndrome with a mean partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO 2 /FiO 2 ) ratio of 69.6 and 75.4, respectively. At the time of reporting, patients in the ECMO had significantly lower in‐hospital mortality compared with the control group (58.8 vs. 93.5%, p = .001). Conclusion ECMO is shown to decrease the mortality of extremely critical ill COVID‐19 patients compared with the conventional treatment. Although complications occurred frequently, ECMO could still be a rescue therapy for the treatment of COVID‐19 during the pandemic.