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Sex difference in the impact of smoking on left ventricular assist device outcomes
Author(s) -
Imamura Teruhiko,
Combs Pamela,
Siddiqi Umar,
Besser Stephanie,
Juricek Colleen,
Mirzai Saeid,
Jeevanandam Valluvan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of cardiac surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1540-8191
pISSN - 0886-0440
DOI - 10.1111/jocs.14921
Subject(s) - medicine , confidence interval , ventricular assist device , adverse effect , stroke (engine) , cohort , destination therapy , incidence (geometry) , cardiology , heart failure , mechanical engineering , physics , optics , engineering
Background Active smoking is associated with worse clinical outcomes following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. However, the effect of sex differences in conjunction with smoking status remains uninvestigated. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent LVAD implantation between January 2013 and September 2018 were included. Clinical outcomes were retrospectively compared between the current smokers and never smokers among male cohorts and female cohorts separately. Results About 130 patients, with a median age of 56 years, were included. Among the male cohort (N = 85), the current smokers (N = 25/85) had a higher total readmission rate than the never smokers (N = 60/85) with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 2.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.16‐3.85, P = .014), dominantly due to higher rates of gastrointestinal bleeding, stroke, and hemolysis. Among the female cohorts (N = 45), never smokers (N = 36/45) had a statistically comparable total readmission rate (2.80 vs 2.50 events per year; P = .37) compared with current smokers (N = 9/45). Conclusion Among male patients with LVAD, active smoking was associated with higher rates of adverse events. Female patients with LVAD had a high rate of adverse events irrespective of smoking status. Gender‐specific therapeutic approaches might be required to prevent LVAD‐related comorbidities.