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Incidence of systemic venous anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot on multidetector CT angiography: A retrospective single‐center study of 973 patients
Author(s) -
Pandey Niraj Nirmal,
Bhambri Kanika,
Sinha Mumun,
Sharma Arun,
Jagia Priya
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of cardiac surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1540-8191
pISSN - 0886-0440
DOI - 10.1111/jocs.14897
Subject(s) - medicine , tetralogy of fallot , brachiocephalic vein , incidence (geometry) , radiology , cardiology , angiography , multidetector computed tomography , vein , aortic arch , cardiac surgery , surgery , computed tomography , aorta , heart disease , superior vena cava , physics , optics
Objectives The present study sought to estimate the incidence and evaluate the patterns and associations of systemic venous anomalies in patients with tetralogy of Fallot on multidetector computed tomography (CT) angiography. Methods We retrospectively reviewed CT angiographies of 973 pediatric age group patients diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot, performed at our institution between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019, for systemic venous drainage patterns. We also proposed a structured classification and reporting system on CT angiography which would simplify the characterization, classification, and communication of these anomalies. Results Variations in systemic venous drainage patterns were observed in 146 (15.01%) patients. The most commonly observed anomaly was persistence of left superior caval vein, which was seen in 112 (11.51%) patients, with the most prevalent pattern being the presence of bilateral superior caval veins with no intercommunicating vein (n = 85). The second most common anomaly observed was presence of anomalous brachiocephalic vein (39/973 [4.01%]). Patients with an anomalous course of brachiocephalic vein had significantly higher prevalence of a right aortic arch than those without (23/39 [58.97%] vs 188/934 [20.13%]; P < .0001). Similarly, a higher prevalence of pulmonary atresia was noted in patients with an anomalous course of brachiocephalic vein compared to those without (8/39 [20.51%] vs 80/934 [8.57%]; P = .0109). Conclusion There is a high incidence of anomalies of superior caval veins and brachiocephalic vein in the presence of tetralogy of Fallot. With advancements in corrective cardiac surgery and use of intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass, the presence of systemic venous anomalies assumes greater significance making preoperative identification of these anomalies imperative.